Why might they be giants? Towards an understanding of polar gigantism.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Beginning with the earliest expeditions to the poles, over 100 years ago, scientists have compiled an impressive list of polar taxa whose body sizes are unusually large. This phenomenon has become known as 'polar gigantism'. In the intervening years, biologists have proposed a multitude of hypotheses to explain polar gigantism. These hypotheses run the gamut from invoking release from physical and physiological constraints, to systematic changes in developmental trajectories, to community-level outcomes of broader ecological and evolutionary processes. Here we review polar gigantism and emphasize two main problems. The first is to determine the true strength and generality of this pattern: how prevalent is polar gigantism across taxonomic units? Despite many published descriptions of polar giants, we still have a poor grasp of whether these species are unusual outliers or represent more systematic shifts in distributions of body size. Indeed, current data indicate that some groups show gigantism at the poles whereas others show nanism. The second problem is to identify underlying mechanisms or processes that could drive taxa, or even just allow them, to evolve especially large body size. The contenders are diverse and no clear winner has yet emerged. Distinguishing among the contenders will require better sampling of taxa in both temperate and polar waters and sustained efforts by comparative physiologists and evolutionary ecologists in a strongly comparative framework.
منابع مشابه
Healthcare and Compassion: Towards an Awareness of Intersubjective Vulnerability; Comment on “Why and How Is Compassion Necessary to Provide Good Quality Healthcare?”
How to instill compassion in a healthcare organization? In this article, I respond to Marianna Fotaki’s proposals in her piece, ‘Why and how is compassion necessary to provide good quality healthcare?’ by drawing on insights from organization studies. Following Fotaki, I argue that to instill targets and formal measures for assessing compassion would be problematic. I conclude by drawing on psy...
متن کاملar X iv : a st ro - p h / 05 03 44 1 v 1 2 1 M ar 2 00 5 The Stars of the Galactic Center
We consider the origin of the so–called S stars orbiting the supermassive black hole at the very center of the Galaxy. These are usually assumed to be massive main–sequence stars. We argue instead that they are the remnants of low–to– intermediate mass red giants which have been scattered on to near–radial orbits and tidally stripped as they approach the central black hole. Such stars retain on...
متن کاملWhy polar gigantism and Palaeozoic gigantism are not equivalent: effects of oxygen and temperature on the body size of ectotherms
متن کامل
ar X iv : a st ro - p h / 98 05 07 5 v 1 6 M ay 1 99 8 The evolutionary state and fundamental parameters of metallic A - F giants
Using Hipparcos parallaxes, we show that the metallic A-F giants found by Hauck (1986) on the basis of their high ∆m2 index in Geneva photom-etry are on average more evolved than their non-metallic counterparts. Their mass distribution, rate of binaries and v sin i are shown to be incompatible with those of Am stars, so that they cannot be descendants of the latter. They might be former normal ...
متن کاملISOGAL survey of Baade’s Windows
The Baade’s Windows of low obscuration towards the inner parts of the Galactic bulge represent ideal places in which to develop an understanding of the ISOGAL colour-magnitude diagrams. Unlike the case for the solar neighbourhood, their contents are at a uniform distance from the Sun, affected only by the finite thickness of the Bulge. The objects detected in the ISOGAL survey are found to be l...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The Journal of experimental biology
دوره 215 Pt 12 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012